Medieval texts on musicology focused on particular themes, for example:.Its greatest contribution- identify & describe different ‘microtones’ & classify them into different categories.His text- defined 264 ragas (from North Indian & Dravidian repertoires).Sarangadeva (13th century musicologist) who wrote classic text on music, the Sangeet Ratnakara, seconded this view.These 22 keys- shrutis or srutis. Distinction- made in Dathilam, a text that endorsed the existence of 22 srutis per octave and made the suggestion that may be these were the only one that a human body could make. Has several important chapters on music, including those that identified octave and elaborated on its 22 keys. Bharata’s Natyashastra: First work to clarify & elaborate on the subject of musicology.Epics were set to narrative type of music called Jatigan.This type of ritualistic music was Sangama (later Vedic period)- chanting of verses, set to musical patterns. Development in music linked with devotional sites.
Bharata’s Natyashastra(200 BC and 200 ADI- first reference to musical theory.Panini (500 BCE)- made first proper reference to the art of making music.Theories state- Om is the source of all ragas and notes.Kausitaki Brahmana puts dance, vocal & instrumental music together.Jaimini Brahmana speaks of dance and music.Aitareya Aranyaka- mentions parts of Veena.Gandharva Veda, science of music- Upaveda of Sama Veda.Santa Veda- lists all seven notes of the raga Kharaharapriya in descending order.First literary traces of music- Vedic times (2000 years ago).Musical instruments like seven-holed flute and Ravanahatha- recovered from sites of Indus Valley Civilization.Narada Muni (sage) - introduced music to earth & taught the inhabitants about a sound that pervades the whole universe called Naada brahma.India- long tradition of musical ingenuity.
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